Will an arsenic solution is boiled will a white powdery residue be left on the glass?

Depending on what other trace elements might be in the water, yes, you'll get back the white arsenic you started with. That said, technically, "white arsenic" is actually a colourless, odourless, crystalline structure. The whiteness in appearance is probably from other elements in the water(hard water) and/or the ambient lighting.